Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.

Symbol Value I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000 For example, 2 is written as II in Roman numeral, just two ones added together. 12 is written as XII, which is simply X + II. The number 27 is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written from largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9. X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90. C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900. Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.

Example 1:

Input: num = 3 Output: "III" Explanation: 3 is represented as 3 ones. Example 2:

Input: num = 58 Output: "LVIII" Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.

In this, we have to carefully understand that number that is larger than 1000 starts with an M number greater than 500 CM and so on so by using this logic we add string to make roman output.

// Optimal -> clean code
class Solution {
public:
    string intToRoman(int num) {
        int intEquivalent[]=      { 1000,900 ,500,400 ,100,90  ,50 ,40  ,10 , 9  , 5 , 4  , 1 };
        string romanEquivalent[]= { "M" ,"CM","D","CD","C","XC","L","XL","X","IX","V","IV","I"};
        string ans;

        for(int i=0;i<13;i++) {
            while(num>=intEquivalent[i]) {
                ans+=romanEquivalent[i];
                num-=intEquivalent[i];
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};